Searching History Origin Sundanese

ALREADY since the 1950s Sundanese agitated with history. Much more generations now , they have always questioned it true Sunda history as told people their parents ? He said , extending his rule since Cipamali time in the east continued to west in an area called West Java now with Prabu Siliwangi as a wise king . Really? Sundanese History does not talk much in the arena of national history . " What is taught in schools , most only three sentences , " says Dr Edi Sukardi Ekadjati , researcher , historian and head of the Asian-African Museum in Bandung . It contained brief disclose only about Sunda kingdom with King Sri Baduga in what is now West Java , and then collapsed .

In fact , the kingdom with shades Hinduistis animistic and has been standing since the 8th century AD and ending its existence before the 16th century AD. The stories are so long , more widely known through oral stories so difficult to trace the footsteps of history. But this does not mean the ancestors of Sunda in the past does not leave anything that could be tracked by their grandchildren because of the skills of writing in the Sunda region has been known since the 5th century AD. This can be proved by the inscriptions of the time.

 

Indeed, writing in the form of manuscript heritage in the future has yet to be found . But after it was discovered ancient manuscripts and letters in the language of ancient Sunda , the script Sanghyang Siksa Kanda Ng Karesian were finalized in 1518 AD and script Carita Bujangga Manik made ​​late 15th century or early 16th century . Suhamir , architects who took an interest in the history of dub script Sunda Sanghyang Siksa Kanda Ng Karesian as " Encyclopedia Sunda " .

Other manuscripts are Cariosan Prabu Siliwangi ( 17th century or early 18th century ) , Queen Pakuan , Wawacan sajarah Galuh , Pakuan Chronicle , Carita Waruga Master , Babad Siliwangi and others.

DRAFT Sanghyang Siksa Kana Ng Karesian Manik and Carita Bujangga arranged on Sunda - Pajajaran Kingdom era still exist and thrive . Therefore , seen from the perspective of history , the two texts may be the primary source . While other manuscripts compiled after the Kingdom of Sunda- Pajajaran collapse including secondary sources . Sunda - Pajajaran kingdom collapsed in 1579 .

Both texts are written in the language and letter ancient Sunda . While there are other manuscripts and letters written in Java , languages ​​and Arabic , Javanese - Sundanese or Javanese characters but as the script language Sundanese Carita Waruga Master and the Malay language and Latin script . Until the 1980s , the manufacture of Sundanese manuscripts still continue even in the form of copying .

Manuscript torment Kanda Ng Karesian Manik and Carita Bujangga written on palm leaves and palm fronds . Manuscripts some others are written on palm leaves , palm leaves or coconut leaves . How to write scraped / scratched by using a tool called peso pagot , a type of knife pointed tip . While manuscripts younger using paper instead of leaves and written in ink .

Most of the manuscripts were stored in the museum there are both inside and outside the country . But most of the others are kept at their homes or places of certain sacred because the script is considered a sacred item . Holders are also certain people .

Because of the way storage is not qualified , sometimes severely damaged manuscripts that can not be read anymore . Manuscript in Lengkong , Brass example , 1982 can still be read . " But when I came back to it in 1987 , the script could not be reconstructed again , " complained Ekadjati .

But there are also texts that are not stored properly as heirs feel no longer have a controlling interest . In Banjaran , a region that is located in South Bandung , manuscripts are kept in the chicken coop for the house being demolished . Or there is a keep it on the kitchen ceiling , so the color is yellow blackish .

By way of storage like that, especially coming from materials that easily weathered , within a few years is not impossible these texts will not be all gone , before studied. After late , and then we realized he had lost the historical or cultural treasures ...

Before this bitter experience occurs , Edi S Ekadjati with the help of Toyota Foundation later immortalize in the form of microfilm . Now , about 2000 manuscripts of the film micro entered into the computer so that next time , it could be made more complete catalog . This completes the catalog of manuscripts Sunda already existing , which contains 1904 manuscript .

FROM a number of manuscripts , 95 manuscripts written in ancient Sunda letter , written in letters 438 Sunda- Java , 1060 written in Arabic script ( Pegon ) and 311 other manuscripts written in Latin script . In addition there are 144 manuscripts which uses two kinds of characters or more , the Sunda - Java , Arabic and Latin .

Judging from the type of fiction, historical manuscripts only around 9 percent and 12 percent of the history of literary texts. Most of the other 25 percent in the form of literary manuscripts and religious texts 15 percent. Unfortunately, despite numerous, little has been studied. Eddi S. Ekadjati new estimate of about 100-125 titles are investigated. This means, the challenge for researchers in researching the history of the Sunda still very large.

The study, according to Eddie S. Ekajati, should ideally be used in philological because the science is working on a script that is philology. Only then edits the philologist become objects or materials other sciences studies in accordance with the type of content of the manuscript. Difficult, very few philologists who are attracted to the script Sunda.

Not to mention, even fewer who can read ancient Sunda letter - and even then most of them come from other disciplines. Atja and Saleh Danasasmita for example, both deceased. While others Ayatrohaedi and Hasan Djafar (archeology) and kalsum and Legal A Darsa. Edi S Ekadjati actual historical background. But because of his great interest the history of Sunda, ultimately require that he studied philology, so he is often dubbed "were in two boats". He admitted, because of the limited philologist who are interested, so if someone wants to know the history of Sunda then he should be "in two boats".

HISTORY Sunda are likely to be different than other ethnic history in Indonesia because the area is not a lot of legacy bequeathed the form of inscriptions or temple, but more in the form of a script that is now stored in museums or other places. At the National Library alone, for example, there are 89 ancient manuscripts Sunda while we are just seven manuscripts.

But of little manuscript, according to Eddie S. Ekadjati, it has contributed greatly to the history of Sunda. Both the list of the reigning king and his reign as well as the events surrounding that occurred at that time, so although not yet fully been able compiled Sunda kings who ruled for more than 800 years. Namely, since Sanjaya who ruled in the 8th century until the King of Sunda last in 1579. Even with the script Siksa Kanda Ng Karesian written during the Baduga Sri Maharaja, known to some aspects of Sundanese culture at that time. Baduga Sri Maharaja, in folklore identified with Prabu Siliwangi.

The road to reveal the history of the Sunda still long . At the National Library , there are still 82 more manuscripts that have not worked . However , Edi S Ekadjati optimistic , someday Sunda history could be developed more fully and clearly . One hope is placed on efforts Sastramidjaja or Abah Ali Ali , an interest in the history of Sunda , which is now working on the script Ciburuy with her friends .

B. Pasundan history began to unfold

Inscription collection of Adam Malik Museum in Jakarta, also strong suspicion of their sustainability Sundanese kingdom with Hindu Mataram kingdom in Central Java. Even if it is related to the findings of inscriptions in West Java, including the findings of the '90s, these inscriptions come to give a bright spot in the Land Pasundan classical history, which is still dark.

Head of Classical Archaeology of the National Archaeological Research center (Center Arkenas) Dr Endang Sri Hadiati accompanied Sundanese specialist archaeologists, Richadiana Kartakusuma SU, said that when met at his office Kompas in Jakarta, Monday (20/2). Both encountered in connection with Sundanese Classical History, which is still dark, when compared with the classical history in Central Java, which has been able to provide a more coherent history.

When properly allegations of continuity between the King of Sunda and Central Java, then this is the assumption of a new history in the development of national history over the years. Endang Sri Hadiati states, continuity or the alleged relationship between the Kingdom Pasundandan kingdom in Central Java was touted in the palm Carita Parahyangan found Ciamis, West Java.

Lontar discovered in 1962, tells the story of the kings of Land Galuh West Java. One ejection of Carita Parahyangan unknown year figures that include the name of Sanjaya as the originator of a new generation known as the god king.

What is called the Carita Parahyangan, according Richadiana, there are similarities with the meaning of the inscriptions found on Mount Wukir, which is located between Sleman and Magelang (Central Java). VII century stone inscription which was later named the Canggal inscription clearly mentions that in the region has established a new royal dynasty or the name Sanjaya king, known later as the Queen Sanjaya Rakai Mataram.

"I have not dared to ensure the continuity of the King of Sunda and Java. To be sure, Carita Parihiyangan which contains the story of the kings of Galuh, one of them the name of Sanjaya makes new kingdom, and it was exactly mentioned in the inscription Canggal in Central Java, "said Richadiana.

According Richadiana, the allegation is supported by the inscriptions collected by Adam Malik (deceased), known by the inscription Sragen (found in Sragen in Central Java). Richadiana not know exactly when the inscription was collected Adam Malik. To be sure, the inscription it could also be the fact of the alleged continuity between the Kingdom of Sundanese and Javanese.

Two centuries gone

Endang Sri Hadiati and Richadiana admit, Pasundan history is still dark, it means do not have a definite course of history approaching. "Milestones classic West Java, only at 6 inscriptions of King Tarumanegara century V. Another inscription findings do not support a continuation of history, because of the difference in time for centuries," he said.

However, if observed and attributed to the findings of the 90s, is actually just a span of two centuries the history of Classical Sunda lost, when calculated since King Tarumanegara, between Century V - VII. Richadiana said, after a century of King Tarumanegara V to VII century did not find inscriptions. However ejection Carita Parahyangan recounts the life of kings in the Land Galuh in the seventh century, followed the findings of the VIII century inscriptions Pangambat Savior. This inscription was found around Tarumanegara inscription, which tells about the existence of a high official named Rakai Savior Pangambat.

According Richadiana, Huludayueh inscriptions found in Cirebon in 1990 relates that between 10 to 12 century there lived a king named Pakuan. Before it was discovered inscriptions in Tasikmalaya known inscription Rumatak. Stone inscription dated 1030 narrates that at that time there lived a king Jaya Regent.

"Actually, if we trace the inscriptions that have indicated their historical sequence of classical Sunda. No enthusiasts who study the history of classical Sundanese, in addition to the Sundanese themselves. That's what causes the Sunda history as miserable, "he said.

EXPLANATION PRASASTI

History of West Java until now is still a bit dark, when compared with other regions in the archipelago. Therefore any archaeological findings of West Java continue to invite the attention and curiosity of cultural experts who work a historical problem Sundanese (West Java).

For that raised some matters of Hulu Dayeuy inscription. Inscription Dayeuh Hulu is not from (Predu) Ratudewata, but may be linked to Jayadewata (King Pakwan Pajajaran-15th century AD). King is the same as the Maharaja or Raden pamanah SriBaduga alias Sang Rasa Udubasu in the Carita Parahyangan, according to mentioned in rasasti Dayeuh Hulu itself (row 11). But it does not mean that the inscription was issued by King Jayadewata.

We should bear in mind that Jayadewata not the same as Ratudewata. Both of these kings ruled in Pakwan-Pajajaran but different personnel. When Jayadewata ruled in 1482-1521 BC (39 years) then (Prebu) Ratudewata holding the reins Pakwan Pajajaran years-from 1535 to 1543 AD (8 years).

The top of the stone that allegedly included pertanggalan inscription tesebut broken, and letters also participated missing and some others along, so that chronology inscriptions can not be known with certainty. The wear of characters that may be because the original location of the stone inscriptions upside down with the top position embedded in the ground, but now tesebut stone has been laid properly.

The shape of the letters is known beraksasa Post Pallava, similar to letters in inscriptions Kayuwangi-Balitung period (9-10 century AD) and not Kayuwanci-Belitung like previous news. Thus this errata, and in no way intended to offend just confirmed what you might be able to cause things are not desirable, in interpreting the history of West Java, especially with regard to Hulu Dayeuh inscription.

In this case I feel responsible because I said above information verbally to Mr. Muchtar MS when conduct archaeological research in the area of ​​Sumber.